Dimensions of distance: international flight connections, historical determinism, and economic relations in Africa

Purpose: The paper examines how distance manifests in terms of air passenger transport links between countries and focuses on the 48 countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It asks to what extent do existing flight connections reflect economic relations between countries and if so, do they represent past, current or future relations? It asks whether the impact of distance is similar for all countries and at different stages of development. Design/methodology/approach: Passenger flight connection data was extracted to generate map images and flight frequencies in order to observe inter-relationships between different locations and to observe emerging patterns. The paper uses ESRIs ArcGIS software to visualise all these data into maps. Findings: SSA is poorly connected both intra- and inter-continentally. Cultural and historical ties dominate and elements of historical determinism appear within flight connections in SSA reflecting the biases associated with colonialism. Larger economies in SSA are less dependent on these past ties and their flight connections reveal a greater level of diversity and interests. SSA has generally been slow to develop flight routings to the new emerging markets. Originality/value: Its contribution lies not only in examining these flight patterns for an under-researched region but aides in future work on SSA and its integration into the global economy and international business networks. It argues that whilst distance matters; how it matters varies

Women's fear in sports and competition climbing

Summary of DROSO RNA-seq libraries. (XLSX 40 kb

Additional file 2: of Detecting false positive sequence homology: a machine learning approach

Density estimation of RNA-seq base coverage used in [ 32 ]. (PDF 75 kb

MOESM1 of Scientific reasoning ability does not predict scientific views on evolution among religious individuals

Additional file 1: Instruments S1. Additional instruments. instruments created for this study

Additional file 2: Table S4. of A cure for the blues: opsin duplication and subfunctionalization for short-wavelength sensitivity in jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Branches and sites under positive selection. P = 95–99. If bolded, P= >99. Amino acid residues are numbered according to bovine rhodopsin. (PDF 176 kb

Bayesian "diffusion" model

Naive Bayesian model of selection "diffusion" written in R programming language

Opsin Alignment2

Multiple sequence COBALT alignment of putative Odonata and Ephemeroptera opsin protein sequences including homologous opsin sequences from mollusks (outgroup). All partial opsin sequences (< 1056 bp and < 7 transmembrane domains) were excluded

Transcriptome Trinity assemblies

Transcriptome Trinity assemblies. NCBI accession numbers of raw RNA-seq libraries that were used to assemble transcriptomes: SRR2164542 SRR2164543 SRR2164551 SRR2164552 SRR2157378 SRR2157379 SRR2157380 SRR2157381 SRR2157382 SRR2157383 SRR2164544 SRR2164545 SRR2157367 SRR2164546 SRR2164547 SRR2164548 SRR2157371 SRR2157372 SRR2164549 SRR216455